Monument Canadian regiment Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
Wons
In Wons is a monument to the Canadian regiment Queen's Own Rifles of Canada. This regiment was responsible for the liberation of Wons on April 16, 1945.
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Oorlogsmonument Wons
Oorlogsmonument Wons
Het laatste serieuze gevecht van de Queens Own Rifles of Canada vond plaats op 16 april 1945 bij Wons en Hayum. Nergens in Friesland verloren de Canadezen zoveel mensen tegelijk. Een monument in Wons en een gedenksteen in Sneek herinneren aan de offers die deze infanterie eenheid bracht.
Op 16 april 1945 waren grote delen van Friesland bevrijd. In het westen en zuidwesten van de provincie was het zover nog niet. Enkele duizenden Duitse soldaten hadden zich verzameld in de Friese havenplaatsen en rond de Afsluitdijk. Zij probeerden nog de oversteek te maken naar Noord-Holland dat nog stevig in Duitse handen was.
De Canadezen wilden voorkomen dat de Duitsers zich in Noord-Holland verder versterkten. Mede daarom zetten zij vanaf 16 april de aanval in op de Kop van de Afsluitdijk. De infanterie van Queens Own Rifles of Canada was één van de eenheden die hierbij betrokken was. Op 16 april vertrokken zij vanuit Bolsward in de richting van de Afsluitdijk, ondersteund door tanks van de Sherbrooke Fusiliers.
In het open Friese landschap waren de Canadezen op de weg erg zichtbaar en dus kwetsbaar. Vlak voor een brug bij Hayum openden de Duitsers het vuur. De Canadees Orville Cook zat in één van de voorste voertuigen. Over wat er daarna gebeurde schreef hij het volgende:
"Ik zat eerst rechts, maar kwam later in het linker compartiment van onze carrier. Dat was mijn geluk. Bij de strijd met de Duitsers die volgde, was ik de enige die niet geraakt werd. Ze lieten ons ver komen en schoten drie keer raak. Er kwam rook uit het rechter compartiment van mijn carrier. Ik sprong eruit en ben naar de andere kant gerend om de sergeant eruit te halen en hoe ik dat voor elkaar kreeg, weet ik niet meer. Ik legde hem op de weg. De bestuurder was de volgende die ik eruit haalde en op de weg neerlegde. Ik heb ze beiden morfine toegediend en gaf ze een sigaret.
De sergeant zei: ga terug en vertel de A compagnie waar het vuur is en 'make sure they get those jerry (Duitse) bastards for this one'. De soldaten in de voorste carrier waren op slag dood.” De Duitsers hadden aan de westkant van de brug verschillende stukken luchtafweergeschut verdekt opgesteld. De licht gepantserde carriers waren niet opgewassen tegen de 20 mm. en 40 mm. granaten. In het voorste voertuig sneuvelden Alexander Cockburn, Walter Leslie Jackson, Gordon William Ouderkirk, Harry Horace Pennell en Walter Samuel White. Verder vielen er aan Canadese kant ook meerdere gewonden waaronder de mannen in het voertuig van Orville Cook.
Vrijwel direct nadat duidelijk was waar het Duitse geschut stond opgesteld rekenden de Queens of Own Rifles samen met enkele tanks van de Sherbrooke Fusiliers alsnog af met de Duitse weerstand. De resterende verdedigers gaven zich uiteindelijk over.
De gevechten bij Wons en Pingjum zouden de laatste plek zijn waar soldaten van de Queens Own Rifles of Canada sneuvelden. Het was daarom de expliciete wens van de veteranen om in Wons hun monument te plaatsen. Op deze Honour Roll staan de namen van hun kameraden die vanaf D-Day tot de bevrijding het leven lieten.
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In Wons is a monument to the Canadian regiment Queen's Own Rifles of Canada. This regiment was responsible for the liberation of Wons on April 16, 1945.
After Sneek was liberated, the Canadian Regiment Queens Own Rifles advanced to the Afsluitdijk, where German troops had set up positions to prevent the crossing by the Canadians and to try to create a corridor through which German soldiers could escape from North Holland to Friesland.
After a short firefight, this Canadian regiment was able to enter Wons and attack the German positions at the Afsluitdijk. Once they arrived at the Afsluitdijk, the Canadians encountered so much resistance that reinforcements were needed. Especially the German machine gun fire and the presence of a cannon caused many problems. Two Canadian vehicles were also knocked-out and a number of Canadians from the Queens Own Rifles were killed.
With the help of Canadian artillery and grenades, the German positions at the Afsluitdijk could be knocked out. The longest and fiercest battle in Friesland was therefore fought at the Kop van de Afsluitdijk. Some of the Canadians were killed, of which six are commemorated with a memorial stone at the Martinikerk in Sneek.
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The liberation of Friesland 1
The liberation of Friesland 1
In early April, it became clear that the liberation of Friesland was imminent. Although the province had not suffered a real Hunger Winter like other parts of the Netherlands, there were severe shortages of just about everything. And the terror of the occupying forces was growing. This also led to increased resistance against the occupying forces. The battle between the two was tougher than ever in early 1945.
In Friesland, assault groups known as Knokploegen (KP) were responsible for most acts of resistance. But there were other groups too. On the orders of the Dutch government in London, all these groups were merged into the Dutch Domestic Armed Forces (NBS). In Friesland, this happened on 12 December 1944.
The NBS, popularly referred to as the BS, gave the armed resistance an organisation with a clear structure. The NBS was also supposed to play a role in the upcoming liberation. To this end, resistance groups were provided with weapons from autumn 1944. These were dropped from the air.
On 8 April, Radio Orange broadcast the message "The bottle is empty." This was the signal for the NBS to start carrying out sabotage operations 36 hours later. The aim was to make it as difficult as possible for the Germans to defend themselves against the approaching Allied forces.
The resistance did this by putting bridges and railways out of order, blocking waterways and blocking roads. The response of the occupying forces was ruthless. In retaliation, dozens more prisoners were shot at different times and places.Once the Canadians entered Friesland on 12 April, they were supported extremely effectively by the Frisian resistance. Because it was superbly organised, they were able to help the Canadians take control of important bridges, repair damaged bridges, and advise on the most favourable route.
By 18 April, the whole province was liberated except for the Wadden Islands (these were liberated in late May and in June). Compared to other provinces, there was little fighting in Friesland. Overall, the few thousand German troops who had been unable to flee Friesland were defeated by the Canadians relatively quickly.
The commander of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, Lieutenant Colonel Landell, praised the actions of the resistance by stating "Friesland liberated herself." While that may be a bit of an exaggeration, the actions of the Frisian resistance undoubtedly accelerated the liberation. And reduced the number of casualties on the Allied side.
In confrontations with German troops and their Dutch accomplices, at least 31 resistance fighters lost their lives. On the Allied side, at least eleven Canadians and one Frenchman were killed. The fighting and shelling also resulted in dozens of civilian casualties. The number of casualties on the German side is not known, but probably ran into the hundreds. With 320 houses destroyed and 4,000 damaged and 80 bridges destroyed, Friesland was materially the least damaged province in the Netherlands.
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Fries Landbouwmuseum (Frisian Agricultural Museum)
Fries Landbouwmuseum (Frisian Agricultural Museum)
