Waterside Gardens
IJlst
Unique and characteristic to IJlst are the waterside gardens on each side of the Ee.
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Unique and characteristic to IJlst are the waterside gardens on each side of the Ee.
Elderly people referring to these yards in the Frisian language, will often speak of the 'bleek’ (bleach). This was the old function of such a grassy area, to bleach the white laundry. After a boil wash in the olden days, the laundry was laid out on the grass, so that the sunlight could dry and bleach it. The previous residents of the Galama and Eegracht canalside houses in IJlst had their bleaches on the other side of the street. They needed to cross the street to reach them therefore, hence the Dutch word 'overtuin': garden on the other side. With the invention of washing machines, the bleaching function was to disappear.
Yet the people of IJlst have kept their gardens on the other side, and preserved this unique feature of the city. Nowadays, this is common land owned by the municipality and made available to the community for use, as long as it is kept well maintained. Each year, on the first Saturday of June, the people of IJlst organise the 'Overtuinen fair'. Around 50 stalls are then set up in the many gardens. Between them, they offer a variety of curiosities, bric-a-brac, antiques, garden furniture, home decoration, or flowers and plants, clothing and religious statues. There are also tasty treats, and artists practising many crafts and trades. And so the ‘overtuinen’ have regained an active and very useful function.
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The liberation of Friesland 1
The liberation of Friesland 1
In early April, it became clear that the liberation of Friesland was imminent. Although the province had not suffered a real Hunger Winter like other parts of the Netherlands, there were severe shortages of just about everything. And the terror of the occupying forces was growing. This also led to increased resistance against the occupying forces. The battle between the two was tougher than ever in early 1945. Â
In Friesland, assault groups known as Knokploegen (KP) were responsible for most acts of resistance. But there were other groups too. On the orders of the Dutch government in London, all these groups were merged into the Dutch Domestic Armed Forces (NBS). In Friesland, this happened on 12 December 1944.Â
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The NBS, popularly referred to as the BS, gave the armed resistance an organisation with a clear structure. The NBS was also supposed to play a role in the upcoming liberation. To this end, resistance groups were provided with weapons from autumn 1944. These were dropped from the air. Â
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On 8 April, Radio Orange broadcast the message "The bottle is empty." This was the signal for the NBS to start carrying out sabotage operations 36 hours later. The aim was to make it as difficult as possible for the Germans to defend themselves against the approaching Allied forces.Â
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The resistance did this by putting bridges and railways out of order, blocking waterways and blocking roads. The response of the occupying forces was ruthless. In retaliation, dozens more prisoners were shot at different times and places. ÂOnce the Canadians entered Friesland on 12 April, they were supported extremely effectively by the Frisian resistance. Because it was superbly organised, they were able to help the Canadians take control of important bridges, repair damaged bridges, and advise on the most favourable route. Â
By 18 April, the whole province was liberated except for the Wadden Islands (these were liberated in late May and in June). Compared to other provinces, there was little fighting in Friesland. Overall, the few thousand German troops who had been unable to flee Friesland were defeated by the Canadians relatively quickly. Â
The commander of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, Lieutenant Colonel Landell, praised the actions of the resistance by stating "Friesland liberated herself." While that may be a bit of an exaggeration, the actions of the Frisian resistance undoubtedly accelerated the liberation. And reduced the number of casualties on the Allied side. Â
In confrontations with German troops and their Dutch accomplices, at least 31 resistance fighters lost their lives. On the Allied side, at least eleven Canadians and one Frenchman were killed. The fighting and shelling also resulted in dozens of civilian casualties. The number of casualties on the German side is not known, but probably ran into the hundreds. With 320 houses destroyed and 4,000 damaged and 80 bridges destroyed, Friesland was materially the least damaged province in the Netherlands.Â
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Fries Landbouwmuseum (Frisian Agricultural Museum)
Fries Landbouwmuseum (Frisian Agricultural Museum)
