Titus Brandsma monument
Bolsward
Father Titus Brandsma, priest and professor at the Catholic University of Nijmegen, died in 1942 in Dachau concentration camp because he urged Catholic newspapers not to publish Nazi propaganda.
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Father Titus Brandsma, priest and professor at the Catholic University of Nijmegen, died in 1942 in Dachau concentration camp because he urged Catholic newspapers not to publish Nazi propaganda.
Titus Brandsma was born in 1891 in the hamlet of Ugoclooster near Bolsward. In 1898 he joined the Carmelites. When the Catholic University of Nijmegen was founded, Titus Brandsma was appointed professor. And from 1932 to 1933 he was even Rector Magnificus at the university.
Even before the war, Brandsma saw the danger of the Nazis and warns against Nazism in numerous articles and agitates against the hatred of Jews and racial delusions of the Nazis. Even during lectures, he does not hide his horror of the Nazis. In December 1941, the Dutch media were required to include every advertisement from the NSB. Brandsma - as spiritual advisor to the Roman Catholic Journalists' Association - calls on the newspaper editors of the Catholic press to resist. Shortly afterwards he is betrayed and arrested on January 19, 1942.
On July 19, Brandsma arrives in Dachau concentration camp, where his health deteriorates noticeably and he soon ends up in the camp hospital. In the afternoon of 26 July 1942, a camp doctor from Dachau put an end to Titus Brandsma's life with a lethal injection, he turned 61. Brandsma was posthumously awarded the Resistance Cross and is a subject of veneration in Catholic circles. In 1985 Pope John Paul II beatified him and at the end of 2005 Brandsma was proclaimed the Greatest Nijmegen resident of all time by the population of Nijmegen.
For more information, visit www.detiid.nl
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The liberation of Friesland 1
The liberation of Friesland 1
In early April, it became clear that the liberation of Friesland was imminent. Although the province had not suffered a real Hunger Winter like other parts of the Netherlands, there were severe shortages of just about everything. And the terror of the occupying forces was growing. This also led to increased resistance against the occupying forces. The battle between the two was tougher than ever in early 1945. Â
In Friesland, assault groups known as Knokploegen (KP) were responsible for most acts of resistance. But there were other groups too. On the orders of the Dutch government in London, all these groups were merged into the Dutch Domestic Armed Forces (NBS). In Friesland, this happened on 12 December 1944.Â
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The NBS, popularly referred to as the BS, gave the armed resistance an organisation with a clear structure. The NBS was also supposed to play a role in the upcoming liberation. To this end, resistance groups were provided with weapons from autumn 1944. These were dropped from the air. Â
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On 8 April, Radio Orange broadcast the message "The bottle is empty." This was the signal for the NBS to start carrying out sabotage operations 36 hours later. The aim was to make it as difficult as possible for the Germans to defend themselves against the approaching Allied forces.Â
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The resistance did this by putting bridges and railways out of order, blocking waterways and blocking roads. The response of the occupying forces was ruthless. In retaliation, dozens more prisoners were shot at different times and places. ÂOnce the Canadians entered Friesland on 12 April, they were supported extremely effectively by the Frisian resistance. Because it was superbly organised, they were able to help the Canadians take control of important bridges, repair damaged bridges, and advise on the most favourable route. Â
By 18 April, the whole province was liberated except for the Wadden Islands (these were liberated in late May and in June). Compared to other provinces, there was little fighting in Friesland. Overall, the few thousand German troops who had been unable to flee Friesland were defeated by the Canadians relatively quickly. Â
The commander of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, Lieutenant Colonel Landell, praised the actions of the resistance by stating "Friesland liberated herself." While that may be a bit of an exaggeration, the actions of the Frisian resistance undoubtedly accelerated the liberation. And reduced the number of casualties on the Allied side. Â
In confrontations with German troops and their Dutch accomplices, at least 31 resistance fighters lost their lives. On the Allied side, at least eleven Canadians and one Frenchman were killed. The fighting and shelling also resulted in dozens of civilian casualties. The number of casualties on the German side is not known, but probably ran into the hundreds. With 320 houses destroyed and 4,000 damaged and 80 bridges destroyed, Friesland was materially the least damaged province in the Netherlands.Â
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Fries Landbouwmuseum (Frisian Agricultural Museum)
Fries Landbouwmuseum (Frisian Agricultural Museum)
