V2 rocket launch site and Peace Temple (Impact location)
Rijs
Gaasterland became the launch site of the German V-2 rocket in the last months of 1944. The rockets were fired from the Rijsterbos at southern England and Antwerp.
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Gaasterland became the launch site of the German V-2 rocket in the last months of 1944. The rockets were fired from the Rijsterbos at southern England and Antwerp.
Even before the Second World War, Germany experimented with rockets. The Air Force made the cheaper V1 which was fired from a fixed launcher. It was a flying bomb and an unreliable weapon; about 25% refused. The V2 was developed by the German army, a missile with a range of 450 kilometers. A few days after the Normandy landings in June 1944, the Germans began launching V-2s at London. The first launch took place on September 8, 1944 from The Hague
At the end of September 1944, the Germans decided to transfer one of their two V-2 launch batteries from Walcheren to Gaasterland. The Rijsterbos with its old trees would provide ideal cover for Battery 444. Between September 25 and October 20, more than 75 rockets were fired. The first 39 were fired towards southern England and the rest towards Antwerp. Three launches failed, one of the projectiles crashed into the forest, destroying the peace stamp. In 1945 the temple was rebuilt again.
In the trees on either side of the entrance, about 4 meters high, a wooden block can be seen, from which the camouflage nets were hung.
Here you will find V2 rocket launch site and Peace Temple (Impact location)
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The liberation of Friesland 1
The liberation of Friesland 1
In early April, it became clear that the liberation of Friesland was imminent. Although the province had not suffered a real Hunger Winter like other parts of the Netherlands, there were severe shortages of just about everything. And the terror of the occupying forces was growing. This also led to increased resistance against the occupying forces. The battle between the two was tougher than ever in early 1945. Â
In Friesland, assault groups known as Knokploegen (KP) were responsible for most acts of resistance. But there were other groups too. On the orders of the Dutch government in London, all these groups were merged into the Dutch Domestic Armed Forces (NBS). In Friesland, this happened on 12 December 1944.Â
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The NBS, popularly referred to as the BS, gave the armed resistance an organisation with a clear structure. The NBS was also supposed to play a role in the upcoming liberation. To this end, resistance groups were provided with weapons from autumn 1944. These were dropped from the air. Â
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On 8 April, Radio Orange broadcast the message "The bottle is empty." This was the signal for the NBS to start carrying out sabotage operations 36 hours later. The aim was to make it as difficult as possible for the Germans to defend themselves against the approaching Allied forces.Â
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The resistance did this by putting bridges and railways out of order, blocking waterways and blocking roads. The response of the occupying forces was ruthless. In retaliation, dozens more prisoners were shot at different times and places. ÂOnce the Canadians entered Friesland on 12 April, they were supported extremely effectively by the Frisian resistance. Because it was superbly organised, they were able to help the Canadians take control of important bridges, repair damaged bridges, and advise on the most favourable route. Â
By 18 April, the whole province was liberated except for the Wadden Islands (these were liberated in late May and in June). Compared to other provinces, there was little fighting in Friesland. Overall, the few thousand German troops who had been unable to flee Friesland were defeated by the Canadians relatively quickly. Â
The commander of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, Lieutenant Colonel Landell, praised the actions of the resistance by stating "Friesland liberated herself." While that may be a bit of an exaggeration, the actions of the Frisian resistance undoubtedly accelerated the liberation. And reduced the number of casualties on the Allied side. Â
In confrontations with German troops and their Dutch accomplices, at least 31 resistance fighters lost their lives. On the Allied side, at least eleven Canadians and one Frenchman were killed. The fighting and shelling also resulted in dozens of civilian casualties. The number of casualties on the German side is not known, but probably ran into the hundreds. With 320 houses destroyed and 4,000 damaged and 80 bridges destroyed, Friesland was materially the least damaged province in the Netherlands.Â
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Fries Landbouwmuseum (Frisian Agricultural Museum)
Fries Landbouwmuseum (Frisian Agricultural Museum)
